A framework for deciding how much to raise — based on the milestone the round should reach, not on a round-size 'norm' or investor expectation.
Founders often ask 'how much can I raise?' The better question is 'how much do I need to get to a fundable next milestone?' Round size is a function of milestone, not the other way around.
For pre-seed: reach product-market-fit signal (retention, waitlist velocity, initial revenue). For seed: $1M–$3M ARR with strong retention. For Series A: $3M–$10M ARR with efficient growth. The milestone determines everything else.
How many people, over how many months, at what monthly burn. Add a 25% buffer for the unknown. Add 6 months of runway on top for the next fundraise itself. That's your minimum round.
At seed, expect 15–25% dilution. At Series A, 15–25% again. If your milestone-driven round exceeds those percentages at a reasonable valuation, you're either raising too much or the milestone is bigger than one round can bridge — split it into two.
Pre-seed rounds cluster at $500K–$1.5M. Seed at $2M–$5M. Series A at $8M–$20M. Way above or below those bands invites questions — not fatal, but you should have a clean answer.
Raising 2× what you need at a 2× valuation still costs the same dilution, but doubles the milestone investors expect at the next round. Every extra dollar is a promise to deliver more — and you rarely get credit for underspending.
Founders under-raise to protect the cap. Then the round ends with 6 months of runway and no clean path to the next milestone, forcing a bridge on worse terms. The dilution 'saved' at round A is paid back with interest at round B.
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