What drag-along and tag-along rights do, how they interact at exit, and the specific thresholds and carve-outs founders should negotiate.
Drag-along and tag-along are sister clauses about who can force whom into a sale. Both look procedural. Both decide whether a deal closes or falls apart at the finish line.
If a majority of shareholders (or a specified group) approve a sale of the company, they can force the remaining shareholders to sell on the same terms. Prevents a small minority from blocking a deal by refusing to sign.
If a majority shareholder sells their shares to a third party, minority shareholders can 'tag along' and sell their shares in the same transaction on the same terms. Protects minority holders from being left holding stock in a company now controlled by a stranger.
Usually a majority of preferred voting together, plus a majority of common. Founder-friendly variants require majority of founders as well. Weakest form is majority of preferred alone — which can force a sale over founder objection.
Push for a minimum sale price in the drag clause — e.g., no drag below a price that returns 2× the last round to preferred. Prevents preferred from dragging you into a fire sale that leaves common with nothing.
Some drag clauses exempt founders from post-sale employment obligations, non-competes, and re-vesting requirements. Rarely granted, worth asking for at the term sheet stage.
At acquisition. In practice, sophisticated buyers require 90%+ shareholder approval anyway. Drag/tag matter most when the cap table has many small holders (employees, angels) whose signatures would otherwise be needed one by one.
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