Venture debt looks cheap next to equity. It's not — the covenants and warrant coverage change the math. Here's when it makes sense.
Venture debt is a real tool for the right situation: extending runway between rounds without dilution. Used wrong, it accelerates the death of struggling companies by forcing repayment when you can least afford it.
A specialized lender (SVB successors, Hercules, TriplePoint) provides a term loan alongside your equity round. Typical terms: 20-40% of the last round size, 3-4 year term, interest-only for 6-12 months then amortizing, plus warrant coverage of 3-15% of loan size.
You just closed an equity round and want 6-12 extra months of runway. You have predictable revenue that comfortably covers debt service. You're 12-18 months from a defensible next round. You want to hit specific milestones before raising equity again.
You're already struggling and using debt to delay a hard conversation. Your revenue is unpredictable. You have no clear path to the next equity round. You're using debt to fund growth experiments (equity is better for that).
MAC (material adverse change) clauses can accelerate the loan. Financial covenants (cash minimum, revenue targets) trigger default if missed. Read every covenant carefully — the rate is 8-12% but the covenants can force you to pay everything back tomorrow.
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